During a major vote this week, MEPs voted 355 to 247 to restrict product terms including "burger" and "schnitzel" solely for meat products.
If the measure is implemented, common vegetarian products like veggie burgers, tofu steak, and vegetable schnitzel may need to be renamed throughout EU countries.
Nevertheless, before the restriction to take effect, it must gain support from most of the 27 EU member states, which is uncertain.
Supporters argue that customers require transparent labeling and that meat terms must exclusively describe items derived from animals.
"An escalope or a sausage represent goods from animal farming: not from synthetic production nor plant products," said France's MEP Céline Imart.
Opponents, led by Green MEPs, called the move pointless restriction.
"Veggie burgers, wheat schnitzel and tofu sausage do not confuse shoppers, just rightwing politicians," declared Austria's Green MEP Thomas Waitz.
The isn't the first attempt to regulate such terminology. EU lawmakers voted down a similar ban in 2020.
The French government earlier enacted a national restriction on meat terms for plant-based foods in recent years, but the European court of justice determined it illegal under EU law in this year.
Leading German supermarkets such as Aldi and Lidl oppose the measure, warning that altering familiar names would confuse shoppers.
Consumer groups cite surveys showing that most shoppers comprehend these names as long as products are properly marked as vegetarian.
"Almost seventy percent of consumers recognize these names as long as products are explicitly labelled plant-based," said Irina Popescu, a consumer expert at BEUC.
This legislative measure next faces consideration by EU member states, where it needs to secure majority support to be enacted.
Considering the mixed views within various lawmakers and the general population, the outcome of the proposal is still unclear.
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Ashley Carter
Ashley Carter
Ashley Carter